使用反引号将表名/列名括起来会使得 Hibernate 在生成 SQL 时将该表名/列名括起来，一般是用双引号，但 SQL Server 使用中括号，而 MySQL 使用反引号。

Hibernate 使用反引号 escape SQL 关键字，但 JPA 使用双引号(double quotes)

Hibernate legacy quoting

package org.example.demo.hibernate;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("test");
        factory.close();
    }

    @Entity(name = "Product")
    public static class Product {
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        Long id;
        @Column(name = "`name`")
        String name;
        @Column(name = "`number`")
        String number;
    }
}

生成 SQL

drop table if exists Product cascade
drop sequence if exists hibernate_sequence

create sequence hibernate_sequence start 1 increment 1
create table Product (id int8 not null, "name" varchar(255), "number" varchar(255), primary key (id))

JPA quoting

package org.example.demo.hibernate;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("test");
        factory.close();
    }

    @Entity(name = "Product")
    public static class Product {
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        Long id;
        @Column(name = "\"name\"")
        String name;
        @Column(name = "\"number\"")
        String number;
    }
}

生成 SQL

drop table if exists Product cascade
drop sequence if exists hibernate_sequence

create sequence hibernate_sequence start 1 increment 1
create table Product (id int8 not null, "name" varchar(255), "number" varchar(255), primary key (id))

Global quoting

可以配置 hibernate.globally_quoted_identifiers 选项以在全局范围内将所有 identifiers (表名、列名等)都括起来。

package org.example.demo.hibernate;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServiceRegistry standardRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
                .applySetting("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:p6spy:postgresql://localhost:5432/test")
                .applySetting("hibernate.connection.username", "postgres")
                .applySetting("hibernate.connection.password", "postgres")
                .applySetting(AvailableSettings.GLOBALLY_QUOTED_IDENTIFIERS, true)
                .applySetting("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create").build();
        Metadata metadata = new MetadataSources(standardRegistry).addAnnotatedClass(Product.class).getMetadataBuilder()
                .build();
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = metadata.getSessionFactoryBuilder().build();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }

    @Entity(name = "Product")
    public static class Product {
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        Long id;
        String name;
        String number;
    }
}

生成 SQL

drop table if exists "Product" cascade
drop sequence if exists "hibernate_sequence"

create sequence "hibernate_sequence" start 1 increment 1
create table "Product" ("id" int8 not null, "name" varchar(255), "number" varchar(255), primary key ("id"))